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Karl Vincenz KROGMANN Lord Mayor of Hamburg
August ROSTERG General Director of
WINTERSHALL
Emil MEYER On the board of I.T.T.
subsidiaries and German
General Electric.
Otto STEINBRINCK Vice president of
VEREINIGTE
STAHLWERKE (steel cartel
founded with Wall Street loans
in 1926)
Hjalmar SCHACHT President of the REICHSBANK
Emil HELFFRICH Board chairman of GERMAN-
AMERICAN PETROLEUM
CO. (94-percent owned by
Standard Oil of New Jersey)
(See above under Wilhelm
Keppler)
Friedrich REINHARDT Board chairman
COMMERZBANK
Ewald HECKER Board chairman of ILSEDER
HUTTE
Graf von BISMARCK Government president of
STETTIN
The S.S. Circle of Friends
The original Circle of Friends met with Hitler in May 1932 and heard a statement of Nazi
objectives. Heinrich Himmler then became a frequent participant in the meetings, and
through Himmler, various S.S. officers as well as other businessmen joined the group. This
expanded group in time became Himmler's Circle of Friends, with Himmler acting as
protector and expeditor for its members.
Consequently, banking and Industrial interest were heavily represented in the inner circle
of Naziism, and their pre-1933 financial contributions to Hitlerism which we have earlier
enumerated were amply repaid. Of the "Big Five" German banks, the Dresdner Bank had
the closest connections with the Nazi Party: at least a dozen members of Dresdner Bank's
board of directors had high Nazi rank and no fewer than seven Dresdner Bank directors
were among Keppler's expanded Circle of Friends, which never exceeded 40.
When we examine the names comprising both the original pre-1933 Keppler Circle and the
post-1933 expanded Keppler and Himmler's Circle, we find the Wall Street multi-nationals
heavily represented more so than any other institutional group. Let us take each Wall
Street multinational or its German associate in turn those identified in Chapter Seven as
linked to financing Hitler and examine their links to Keppler and Heinrich Himmler.
I.G. Farben and the Keppler Circle
I.G. Farben was heavily represented within the Keppler Circle: no fewer than eight out of
the peak circle membership of 40 were directors of I.G. Farben or a Farben subsidiary.
These eight members included the previously described Wilhelm Keppler and his nephew
Kranefuss, in addition to Baron Kurt von Schroder. The Farben presence was emphasized
by member Hermann Schmitz, chairman of I.G. Farben and a director of Vereinigte
Stahlwerke, both cartels built and consolidated by the Wall Street loans of the 1920s. A
U.S. Congressional report described Hermann Schmitz as follows:
Hermann Schmitz, one of the most important persons in Germany, has achieved
outstanding success simultaneously in the three separate fields, industry,
finance, and government, and has served with zeal and devotion every
government in power. He symbolizes the German citizen who out of the
devastation of the First World War made possible the Second.
Ironically, his may be said to be the greater guilt in that in 1919 he was a
member of the Reich's peace delegation, and in the 1930's was in a position to
teach the Nazis much that theft had to know concerning economic penetration,
cartel uses, synthetic materials for war.2
Another Keppler Circle member on the I.G. Farben board was Friedrich Flick, creator of the
steel cartel Vereinigte Stahlwerke and a director of Allianz Versicherungs A.G. and German
General Electric (A.E.G.).
Heinrich Schmidt, a director of Dresdner Bank and chairman of the board of I.G. Farben
subsidiary Braunkohle-Benzin A.G., was in the circle; so was Karl Rasehe, another director
of the Dresdner Bank and a director of Metallgesellschaft (parent of the Delbruck Schickler
Bank) and Accumulatoren-Fabriken A.G. Heinrich Buetefisch was also a director of I.G.
Farben and a member of the Keppler Circle. In brief, the I.G. Farben contribution to Rudolf
Hess' Nationale Treuhand the political slush fund was confirmed after the 1933
takeover by heavy representation in the Nazi inner circle.
How many of these Keppler Circle members in the I.G. Farben complex were affiliated with
Wall Street?
MEMBERS OF THE ORIGINAL KEPPLER CIRCLE
ASSOCIATED WITH U.S. MULTI-NATIONALS
Member of Standard Oil General
Keppler Circle I.G. Farben I.T.T. of New Jersey Electric
Wilhelm Chairman of
KEPPLER Farben
subsidiary
BRABAG
Fritz On Aufsichrat
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